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For dust you are
and to dust you will return.
(Bible Genesis
3:19)
你本是塵土， 仍要歸於塵土。(聖經 創世紀 3:19) |
Where have All the Flowers Gone
這是一首著名的反戰歌曲 ,美國著名的民歌手彼得 西格Pete Seeger 作詞作曲兼主唱，發表於1956年，創作靈感來自烏克蘭著名小說靜靜的頓河 (1940)年中哥薩克村的一首摇籃曲，兩者同樣都是藉著生生不息的自然循環傳達反戰的理念。
幾年後，在美國人民濃濃的反越戰情緒中，民歌手瓊拜雅Joan Baez及彼得、保羅、瑪莉Peter, Paul and Mary (PPM) 三重唱翻唱了這首歌，使之傳唱於大街小巷，成了不朽名曲。
幾年後，在美國人民濃濃的反越戰情緒中，民歌手瓊拜雅Joan Baez及彼得、保羅、瑪莉Peter, Paul and Mary (PPM) 三重唱翻唱了這首歌，使之傳唱於大街小巷，成了不朽名曲。
1.Where have all the flowers
gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the flowers gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the flowers gone?
Young girls picked them, every one
**When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
Long time passing
Where have all the flowers gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the flowers gone?
Young girls picked them, every one
**When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
2.Where have all the young girls gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the young girls gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the young girls gone?
Gone to young men, every one**
3.Where have all the young men gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the young men gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the young men gone?
Gone for soldiers, every one**
4.Where have all the soldiers gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the soldiers gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the soldiers gone?
Gone to graveyards, every one**
5.Where have all the graveyards gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the graveyards gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the graveyards gone?
Gone to flowers, every one**
Long time passing
Where have all the young girls gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the young girls gone?
Gone to young men, every one**
3.Where have all the young men gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the young men gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the young men gone?
Gone for soldiers, every one**
4.Where have all the soldiers gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the soldiers gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the soldiers gone?
Gone to graveyards, every one**
5.Where have all the graveyards gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the graveyards gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the graveyards gone?
Gone to flowers, every one**
1.花兒都哪裡去了？
時光已逝
花兒都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
花兒都哪裡去了？
女孩們將它們一朵朵摘下
**他們要幾時才會明瞭？
他們要幾時才會明瞭？
2.女孩們都哪裡去了？
時光已逝
女孩們都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
女孩們都哪裡去了？
時光已逝
花兒都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
花兒都哪裡去了？
女孩們將它們一朵朵摘下
**他們要幾時才會明瞭？
他們要幾時才會明瞭？
2.女孩們都哪裡去了？
時光已逝
女孩們都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
女孩們都哪裡去了？
他們一個個走向年輕男子**
3.年輕男子都哪裡去了？
時光已逝
年輕男子都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
年輕男子都哪裡去了？
年輕男子一個個從軍去了**
4.軍人們都哪裡去了？
時光已逝
軍人們都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
軍人們都哪裡去了？
他們一個個地走向墓園**
5.墓園都哪裡去了？
時光飛逝
墓園都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
墓園如今何在？
一座座都被花兒覆蓋住了**
3.年輕男子都哪裡去了？
時光已逝
年輕男子都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
年輕男子都哪裡去了？
年輕男子一個個從軍去了**
4.軍人們都哪裡去了？
時光已逝
軍人們都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
軍人們都哪裡去了？
他們一個個地走向墓園**
5.墓園都哪裡去了？
時光飛逝
墓園都哪裡去了？
很久很久以前
墓園如今何在？
一座座都被花兒覆蓋住了**
單字Key Word:
1. have gone已經離開
2. long time passing時光消逝
3.long time ago很久以前
3.long time ago很久以前
4.pick(v.)摘
5.learn(v.)明白
6.young(adj.)年輕的
6.young(adj.)年輕的
7.girl (n.)女生
8.men(n.)男人(複數)
9.soldier(n.)士兵
9.soldier(n.)士兵
10.graveyard (n.) 墳墓
單字測驗Key Words Test:
1.已經離開___________________
2.時光消逝___________________
3.很久以前___________________
4.摘__________________________
5.明白________________________
6.年輕的______________________
7.女生________________________
8.男人(複數)___________________
9.士兵_________________________
Where have All the Flowers Gone
花落誰家--- 相關英文學習
( Learn More)
良性循環Virtuous cycle & 惡性循環vicious cycle
“For Want of a Nail” 是一首很有名的英國童謠，它的內容這樣寫著:
”For want of a nail the shoe was
lost.
少了一根釘子，失了一個鐵蹄。
For want of a shoe the horse
was lost.
少了一個鐵蹄，失了一匹戰馬。
For want of a horse the rider
was lost.
少了一匹戰馬，失了一名騎士。
For want of a rider the battle
was lost.
少了一名騎士，輸了一場戰役。
For want of a battle the
kingdom was lost.
輸了一場戰役，亡了一個帝國。
And all for the want of a
horseshoe nail.
這全都是因為少了一根馬蹄釘。”
For Want of a Nail
For Want of a Nail
大至帝國、小至個人，生活中若是忽略該注意的細節，就會衍生出更嚴重的問題，而落入”惡性循環(vicious cycle)"的景況中。
人一旦陷在惡性循環中，往往會失去方向感、不但健康美況愈下、與人的關係也不會好；
可幸的是，一枝草一點露，天無絕人之路，人的內心總有一股渴望，渴望著打破惡性循環，進入更美好的關係裡，當人們下定決心認錯並改變思想，思想就會改變行為，行為改變習慣，習慣改變性格，性格改變命運，因而得著進入”良性循環(Virtuous cycle)” 的機會；
花落誰家Where have All the Flowers Gone 這首歌的作者藉用環環相扣的廻圈(loop)，來描述戰爭所造成的惡性循環，表達反戰立場。
在學理上有許多關於良性循環Virtuous cycle 和惡性循環vicious cycle的理論，了解這些理論的內容，可提升英文應用的層次，以下是其簡介:
(以下各項理論中英文資料來自 --- 維基百科Wikipedia)
1.蝴蝶效應Butterfly Effect:
 |
| Butterfly Effect |
In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the
sensitive dependence on initial
conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in
large differences in a
later state.
1963年，羅倫茲Lorenz發表論文「決定性的非週期流」（Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow），分析了這個效應。這篇論文後來被廣泛引用。他也在另一篇期刊文章寫道，「一個氣象學家提及，如果這個理論被證明正確，一隻海鷗扇動翅膀足以永遠改變天氣變化。在以後的演講和論文中他用了更加有詩意的蝴蝶。對於這個效應最常見的闡述是「一隻蝴蝶在巴西輕拍翅膀，可以導致一個月後德克薩斯州的一場龍捲風。」
2.漣漪效應Ripple Effect:
 |
| Ripple Effect |
A
ripple effect is a situation in which, like ripples expanding across the water when an object is dropped into it, an
effect from an initial state can be followed outwards incrementally.
3.馬太效應Matthew Effect:
 |
| Matthew Effect |
The accumuled phenomenon of “The stronger
the stronger, theweaker the weaker", in other word:” The
rich get richer and the poor get poorer."
此理論原來是指科學界的名聲累加的一種回饋現象，最早由美國學者羅伯特·莫頓Robert K. Merton於1968年提出，其名稱來自於新約聖經·馬太福音第25章中的一句名言--- “凡有的，還要加給他，叫他有餘；凡沒有的，連他所有的也要奪去。For to every one who
has will more be given, and he will have abundance; but from him who has not,
even what he has will be taken away.”
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Where have All the Flowers
Gone
花落誰家--- 相關歌曲介紹 (Sing More)
Monday Morning週一清晨
Monday Morning週一清晨
音樂在這股革命洪流中，是各個層面的追求者表達理念的最好工具，成了主流的力量。
彼得、保羅、瑪莉Peter, Paul and Mary (PPM)是60年代美國最出色的民謠三重組合，他們成功地演唱了多首反戰歌曲，如本單元歌曲花落誰家Where have All the Flowers 及本書中介紹過的另一曲 飄揚在風中Blowing in the wind。
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| A Fair Maiden |
Monday Morning週一清晨
Early one mornin' one
mornin' in spring
在一個春天清早
To hear the birds
whistle the nightingales sing
聽見鳥兒吹哨，夜鶯歌唱
I met a fair maiden who
sweetly did sing
一位皮膚白皙的金髮少女甜美地唱著歌
“I'm going to be married
next Monday morning.”
“我下星期一就要結婚了”
“How old are you my fair
young maid”
”美麗女子，妳今年幾歲?”
Here in this valley this
valley so green
在這翠綠的山谷裡
“How old are you my fair
young maid”
”美麗女子，妳今年幾歲?”
“I'm goin' to be sixteen
next Monday mornin'”
“我下星期一就滿十六歲了”
“Well sixteen years old,
that's too young for to marry
“十六歲，結婚還過早吧!
So take my advice, five
years longer to tarry
聽進我的建言，再等五年不遲
For marriage brings
troubles and sorrows begin
婚姻會帶來憂愁，煩惱也開始
So put off your wedding
for Monday mornin'”
所以延後星期一的婚禮吧」
“You talk like a mad
man, a man with no skill “
你像個瘋子無知地說話
Three years I've been
waiting against my own will
三年來我一直違背心願等待著
Now I'm determined to
have my own way
如今我下定決心走我自己的路
And I'm going to be
married next Monday mornin'
我下星期一一定要結婚!
end next Monday mornin'
the bells they will ring
下星期一早上教堂鐘聲將會響起
And my true love will
buy me a gay gold ring
我的愛的人會買給我一只美麗金戒
Also he'll buy me a new
pretty gown
還會買給我一件美麗的禮服
To wear at my wedding
next Monday mornin'
在下星期一的婚禮給我穿上
Next Monday night when I
go to my bed
星期一晚上我走向我的床
And I turn round to the
man that I've wed
轉身面向我的新郎
Around his middle my two
arms I will fling
我將開雙臂擁抱他
And I wish to my soul it
was Monday mornin'
祈禱著此刻就是星期一的早上
Monday Morning週一清晨
